The pandemic thrust COVID-19 protocols to the forefront of football’s player safety agenda in 2020. All levels of competition were forced to make seismic shifts in day-to-day operations. The conversation was clear: ‘Return to Play’ safely. Youth football presented an array of challenges—and arguably the most daunting among them are parents. Parents largely fuel the dialogue of player safety in youth football and have even begun taking legal action against youth football organizations. Kimberly Archie and Jo Cornell argued their sons’ posthumously discovered degenerative brain disease was linked to trauma sustained in Pop Warner. The case’s dismissal was an attenuation for future youth concussion claims, given the literature on C.T.E. in football is still evolving. However, state legislatures across the country are scrambling to protect youth football associations from imploding in liability: mandating state governing bodies redefine their concussion protocols which have in the past been challenged. Although the contact sports exemption in Karas makes the assumption of risk a robust defense for athletic associations, it is not an absolute bulwark. Nor are the developing protocols entirely sufficient. And while the state of Illinois, namely, has taken significant strides in updating its concussion laws, it is apparent to us that Concussion Oversight Teams (COTs) as defined by SB1692 can be improved. The law specifies no legal duty on their behalf, and administrative malpractice in under-resourced school districts may leave plaintiff-players with little recourse when the standard of care is compromised. Illinois identifies potential members of COTs for each district. Interestingly, at a minimum, a COT may be “composed of only one person [that] need not be a licensed healthcare professional.” Medical screening should be a legal function of a breach of duty and a causal connection to a present injury. Medical monitoring, a greater imposition of liability, was an overshot in Pierscioneck v. Illinois High School Association because only a tenuous link existed between the tortious acts of the defendant-association and the damages sought. Though the duty of a COT likely does not rise to that of a medical practitioner, athletes and parents alike should be assured that return-to-play protocols are designed by qualified individuals. A lack of district resources should not exempt the development of these protocols from medically driven standards. Illinois concussion law seems to be underwhelming in comparison to its peers. Texas’ HB2038 sets forth a stringent set of guidelines: COTs must include a physician, and athletes suspected of suffering a concussion must be cleared by a “physician skilled in concussions.” Illinois, on the other hand, allows athletes suspected of having a concussion to be cleared for play by an “athletic trainer, APN, or PA.” School districts will continue to center their risk management strategies around concussion education, prevention, and identification. Concussion liability, if not properly thwarted, could reshape and even dismantle the way under-resourced school districts showcase football competition and talent. Courts, as in Pierscioneck, often find youth concussion claims to be “nonjusticiable.” But if youth athletic associations want to continue to field football, they must find ways to solidify the standard of care among COTs. States such as Texas give their COTs force by requiring a physician without exception, while Illinois gives a way out. In this sense, it seems as if COTs in Illinois might be a display for public opinion to meet a legal standard of “reasonable care.” While we consider the athletes to be disadvantaged as a result, under-resourced districts can also suffer legal ramifications without any state financing of COTs. Perhaps this allows athletes to compete in an unsafe environment, putting these districts at legal risk that they are unequipped to combat.

It’s only been approximately two weeks since NCAA Student Athletes (“Athlete”) have been permitted to monetize their Name, Image, and Likeness (“NIL”) and although the “Wild, Wild West” has quickly turned into an overused cliché it has lived up to the hysteria that the majority of stakeholders believed it to be. The NIL era is only in its infancy and has already been bountiful in providing us with a bevy of legal issues to consider in sports including contracts, intellectual property, and state law violations. Big or small, a contract is a legally binding agreement whether established in writing or as a verbal agreement (emails or DMs count) promising to perform an act or service in return for consideration regardless of the form of compensation. From free merch in exchange for a tagged post to a Boost Mobile endorsement in Times Square, a deal is a deal and there have been a lots of them! We’ve seen the paid sponsorship posts on social media, as well as the appearances and camps but what most of us don’t see behind the scenes are the terms that are agreed upon which raises some fundamental questions. Do both parties, especially those unrepresented 17-21 year old Athletes, understand what they are agreeing to? Do they know what they are prohibited from doing? Do both parties comprehend the risk and liability if either party breaches the contract? Undeniably, my younger self was not reading the fine print on agreements nor would I have appreciated the gravity of what may result from a breach a contract. Nonetheless, we’ve seen a lot of paid partnership and sponsorship deals. A prevalent story that has landed on the front page of sports law raised the legal warning flag when hundreds (if not, thousands) of Athletes licensed their NIL rights in perpetuity to Yoke Gaming with a lot of slack on how, when, and what purpose or manner the company may use the media. Keep in mind, the Athletes are not allowed to “capture, record, use, publish, distribute, display, post or share any portion of the Video Game Experience.” For transparency, I have not read the full terms of agreement, but it’s apparent from the sports law community that the consideration exchanged for the Athletes’ intellectual property was … less than optimal. Granted we give technology companies our personal data every day to when we agree to terms that we don’t read but something about these particular NIL deals for the use of exploiting royalty-free media didn’t sit well with me. Another topic starter that has taken the NIL era by storm involves Barstool Athlete’s last-minute venture to join the NIL train and sign players in exchange for free merchandise. The moment Dave Portnoy, Founder of Barstool Sports, held his emergency conference, the alarms began to sound on whether the Barstool name is too closely associated to Penn National Gaming, a casino and gambling company, which happens to own a 36% stake in Barstool Sports. This became an issue because certain state laws that govern NIL prohibit Athletes from endorsing or entering into agreements with companies that are associated with gambling, tobacco, alcohol, and others. The answer to this law school hypothetical likely falls under the safe harbor umbrella of “it depends” which is fair considering there is still no permanent NCAA NIL guidance (shocker!), various state NIL laws in effect, and individual university or college NIL policies that all have their own guidelines. Despite the looming questions, the benefit of allowing Athletes to exercise their right to monetize their NIL is here to stay and it’s been long overdue. Considering everything that has unfolded, it’s safe to say that ambiguities and conflict are part of the growing pains that were expected and despite it only being two weeks, it’s difficult to picture a world without the NIL era.

The creation of the European Super League sent waves across the footballing world on April 18. It was supposed to bring more money to these elite clubs that were invited into the league, but also potentially change the landscape of European football. The European Super League was supposed to replace the UEFA Champions League for the clubs invited. To put it into context with American sports, imagine all of the blue-chip college basketball teams creating their own tournament in lieu of the NCAA Tournament. It would certainly bring them more money, but would also change March Madness as fans and media love it to be. 48 hours after the Super League was formed, nine of the twelve teams decided to abandon the Super League amidst backlash from the fans and the media. These nine clubs were ordered to pay a “gesture of goodwill” by UEFA to benefit children, youth and grassroots football. Along with that, these nine clubs also agreed to face a fine from UEFA of 100 million euros if they seek to play again in an unauthorized competition or 50 million euros if they breach any other commitments to UEFA. A Spanish judge has now voided the order of the goodwill payment and the potential fine for these nine clubs for playing in an unauthorized competition. These clubs were also facing fines from their respective leagues, in which the judge specifically ordered the leagues not to take action. The English Premier League and the Italian Football Association cannot impose any fines or penalties according to the judge. The three remaining clubs left in the Super League, Real Madrid, Barcelona and Juventus, were threatened by UEFA with fines and possible expulsion from European competitions like the Champions League or Europa League. These teams cannot be banned from UEFA sanctioned competitions as stated in the judge’s original order in April. The judge claimed that punishments handed down from UEFA or FIFA could violate free competition laws. This is a big crush to UEFA, who has done everything in their power to try to stop these teams from forming a Super League. The creation of the Super League is a threat to UEFA as it would make the Champions League a lot less valuable for TV deals, sponsors, endorsements, etc. UEFA enjoy hosting the premier club competition in Europe and the Super League would threaten that hierarchy. The creation of the Super League would take away the top clubs that help make the Champions League the best club competition in the world. This is certainly something UEFA cannot allow to happen as it would diminish the Champions League and with that means the loss of a lot of revenue. It is very possible that a few years down the line we see the Super League try to make a comeback. Just like the Champions League has expanded to involve more teams to boost revenue, top teams will look to find ways to boost their revenue. The Super League would do just that as it guarantees these top teams the ability to play in the best club competition in the world while not having to worry to qualify for it. The teams in the Super League would be guaranteed qualification unlike the Champions League, where you qualify depending on how well you do in your domestic league. With the Super League, most teams would be invited in regardless of where they finish in their league, which was one of the main concerns of fans and media. A team could get relegated to the second division, but still compete in the Super League. The fans and media have won the battle of the Super League…for now.

Outrage reigned supreme amongst American track and field enthusiasts, casual supporters, and agnostics when they heard the news of Sha’Carri Richardson’s suspension for a positive THC test. U.S. House Representatives Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez and Jamie Raskin penned a letter to the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) requesting an overturn of the ban. We don’t need a pandemic to say that we are living in unprecedented times. She ran with a flair and style that was reminiscent of a combination of Florence Griffith Joyner and Gail Devers, so why wouldn’t there be outrage? The outrage is of course compounded by the fact that marijuana laws have become so relaxed in so many different states, including the one she was competing in – Oregon – despite being against federal regulations. So, what’s the law here? USADA is a signatory to World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), and WADA mandates a minimum of a one-month suspension for a positive THC test, if USADA decided to ignore it, then the entire USA’s team could be banned from the Olympics and future international competitions. Let’s also consider that marijuana is still illegal as a recreational drug in more countries than it’s not, which may offend some sensibilities because Americans will have to cope with the notion that there is a very wide world outside of America, and that America makes up 4% of the world’s population. So, what’s the real issue? Firstly, in my opinion, marijuana should not be a banned substance; however, to say it’s not performance-enhancing is misleading. Marijuana severely decreases anxiety in a lot of persons and that can improve performance. Anxiety and other mental health issues have come forward as major health concerns in athletes thanks to Brandon Marshall, Marin Cilic, Kevin Love, Demar DeRozan, Naomi Osaka, and the list goes on. In track and field, anything remotely performance-enhancing has the opportunity to give you an edge, which is why we have seen athletes being banned for taking cough medicine or using a nebulizer because of an asthma attack before a race. It may seem ridiculous (it is), but to ensure that there’s a level playing field then there must be strict and unwavering enforcement. The last thing any of us should do is cry for Ms. Richardson, because she has gained way more notoriety, attention, and support for herself than she would have ever gotten if she had gone to the Olympics. Nike has stood by her, unlike back in the day when marijuana was viewed as untouchable for corporate America. She’s doing national television gigs, she was at the Excellence in Sports Performance Yearly (ESPY) Awards, she’s getting offers of 250k to be a spokesperson for a cannabis-based company, Dr. Dabber, and she’s still only 21 year old with a long and lucrative career ahead of her. Sha’Carri will be just fine, how she progresses as an athlete is entirely up to her, but she’s getting her money and a lot of it. I just hope for her sake that it doesn’t all go up in a cloud of smoke.

On July 20, Oakland City Council is set to meet and vote on the Howard Terminal Stadium. While Oakland A’s President Dave Kaval has made it clear for the franchise to stay in Oakland, he has also recently expressed that the A’s have their eyes set on two sites in the Henderson, Nevada area for possible relocation. This potential relocation could have big implications on not only the Oakland A’s, but on the MLB as a whole. Generally, under Major League Baseball Rules, any request to move a franchise must be voted upon by the other team owners. The current rules require an affirmative vote by three-fourths of the clubs in the league affected (i.e., American League) plus a majority vote in the other league (i.e., National League) to approve movement of a franchise. However, there are exceptions to his rule. The two exceptions are when: (1) three-fourths of the clubs in the unaffected league must consent when a club relocates to a city with a population less than 2.4 million in which the unaffected league has a club; (2) If a club relocates to an area near an existing team, that team has veto rights over the move. The Commissioner is also involved in this process and is empowered to investigate any charged or suspected act not in the best interests of baseball. This power has been interpreted to extend to issues pertaining to a proposed relocation that may affect the MLB. One big potential implication of this relocation is that it could increase their brand appeal to young fans who are heavily consumed in sports and entertainment options. As we all know, Las Vegas is the premier spot of legal sports betting. Over the past few years, the MLB has built business relationships with many fantasy sports providers, and now has partnerships with sports betting companies, such as FanDuel, MGM Resorts International, and DraftKings. MLB Network and other broadcast networks include odds in the television presentation and Bally’s Sports has the rights to regional baseball broadcasts in many of the biggest markets in the United States. With the presence of the NFL and NHL already in the city, the arrival of MLB to Las Vegas seems destined to take place. However, there may be a big headache coming MLB’s way in the form of a lawsuit if the A’s do relocate out of Oakland and into Henderson, Nevada. At least that is what recent history tells us. For example, the NFL is currently in a legal battle with the city of St. Louis over the relocation of the Rams. And it looks like barring a settlement that this will culminate with a full-blown trial as according to Randy Karraker of 101 ESPN in St. Louis, a St. Louis judge ruled that the city of St. Louis has the ability to investigate the net worth of the NFL, Commissioner Roger Goodell, Rams owner Stan Kroenke, Cowboys owner Jerry Jones, Patriots owner Robert Kraft, Giants owner John Mara, and ex-Panthers owner Jerry Richardson. The general complaint in the 2017 lawsuit was the Plaintiffs claim the NFL broke league protocol and the league’s relocation rules by permitting the Rams departure from St. Louis and misled the public about staying in St. Louis, which allegedly cost the city millions in ticket and earnings tax revenue. If the Oakland City Council’s vote does fail and the A’s do relocate to Henderson, Nevada, it is a big gamble that MLB would be taking.

After a frustrating first round of The Open last week, Bryson DeChambeau had some negative remarks towards his equipment, in particular his driver. In a post-round interview, DeChambeau said, “If I can hit it down the middle of the fairway, that’s great, but with the driver right now, the driver sucks. It’s not a good face for me, and we’re still trying to figure out how to make it good on the mis-hits.” He went on to say, “It’s literally the physics and the way that they build heads now. It’s not the right design, unfortunately, and we’ve been trying to fix it…” This understandably did not sit well with the people at Cobra Golf, who sponsor DeChambeau and manufacture his drivers. Ben Schomin, Cobra’s tour operations manager and a recent caddy for DeChambeau, told Golfweek, “Everybody is bending over backwards [for DeChambeau]. We’ve got multiple guys in R&D who are CAD-ing this and CAD-ing that, trying to get this and that into the pipeline faster. [DeChambeau] knows it. It’s just really, really painful when he says something that stupid. He has never really been happy, ever. Like, it’s very rare where he’s happy.” It’s not very often that professional athletes get into feuds with their sponsors, but when they do, the remarks made by the athlete could have significant ramifications including termination of the sponsorship. Almost every athlete endorsement agreement has legal language covering this exact type of scenario. Brands want to protect themselves from paying an athlete a good amount of money to endorse their brand and then have the athlete turn around and disparage the brand. Legally, a brand often includes language in the Termination section of an endorsement contract such as: “Brand may terminate or suspend this Agreement or withhold payment to Athlete in the event: (i) Athlete disparages Brand or its Products by Athlete’s words or conduct.” Some brands will even include a entire Non-Disparagement section in the endorsement contract that could read something like this: “Athlete hereby agrees that during the term of this Agreement and for ninety (90) days thereafter, Athlete will not make any statement or take any action that disparages, is derogatory, or is otherwise damaging to Brand and/or its subsidiaries. Violation of this provision is hereby deemed an incurable, material breach allowing for immediate termination of this Agreement.” Please note that these are not actual examples from DeChambeau’s agreement with Cobra, rather common language found in various athlete endorsement agreements. Although, it is very possible that Cobra includes similar language in their agreements with athletes. DeChambeau’s conduct almost certainly rises to the level of disparaging and derogatory towards Cobra. Although he did not expressly mention the Cobra brand in his rant, it was pretty apparent who he was talking about. Depending on the exact wording in his agreement with Cobra, it is cenceivable that DeChambeau’s actions rose to the amount of a breach of his endorsement agreement. DeChambeau later took to Instagram to apologize and walk back some of his comments. It remains to be seen if the relationship between DeChambeau and Cobra can be repaired. Of course, there are other factors involved when dealing with these situations but it is most likely the case that brands can suspend, withhold payments, and even terminate sponsorships over events like this one. Matt Haage is an attorney that has worked for four different sports agencies. He has reviewed hundreds of endorsement contracts for athletes in a wide variety of sports. Matt can be reached at [email protected].

There are few things that scare NHL fans more than not making the playoffs. There is the trade deadline, free agency, offseason trading and expansion drafts. All of these come with the possibility of a fan’s favorite player being traded to another organization. However, some trades are made with the player’s best interests in mind and can benefit the player in the long run. In recent weeks trade rumors have been surrounding the expansion draft for the NHL's 32nd team the Seattle Kraken but also the fate of Jack Eichel. Eichel is the current captain of the Buffalo Sabres and was drafted by the organization in 2016. He is the face of the Sabres and the organization’s highest-paid player. Eichel signed an 8 year / $80,000,000 contract with the Sabres. With five years left on his contract, Eichel may be looking to part with the Sabres after the handling of his neck injury. Eichel has not outright said he wants to be traded. However, teams like the Ducks, Flames, Wild, Golden Knights, Bruins, and Rangers are looking to acquire Eichel if he is traded On March 7, 2021, in a game against the New York Islanders, Eichel took a hit in the game that would ultimately end his season. Following the hit, Eichel was examined by team doctors and diagnosed with a herniated disc. While the injury ended his season, how to treat the injury is causing the most trouble. The Sabres organization is recommending a 12-week rehab, but Eichel is requesting surgery after seeking a second opinion. The surgery that he is requesting is a cervical disk replacement surgery, which has never been performed on an NHL player. Recovery time for this surgery is an average of 4 to 6 weeks. Eichel and general manager Kevyn Adams are at ends with each other despite trying to find common ground. However, a trade deal and the Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) may be on Eichel’s ticket to getting the surgery. The new CBA was approved in July of 2020 and is in effect until 2026. The CBA is a legal contract between the NHLPA and the NHL that sets out the terms and conditions of employment for all professional hockey players playing in the NHL, as well as the rights of the NHL Clubs, the NHL, and the NHLPA. Sections 32 to 50 lays out the Medical – Legal Issues of the agreement. Section 34 Second Medical Opinion List – Selection and Removal is applicable in Eichel’s situation. Attachment C of Section 34 says; “A Player may seek a second medical opinion regarding a diagnosis made by a team physician or a course of treatment (including the timing thereof) prescribed by a team physician ("Second Medical Opinion") from a list of medical specialists with outstanding reputations and experience in their area of expertise...”.[1] This allows Eichel to seek a second opinion after receiving a diagnosis or treatment from the Sabres’ medical team. Eichel was in his legal right to seek a second opinion after not agreeing with the team doctor’s recommendation for treatment. Potential teams looking to acquire Eichel may permit him to get the surgery that he wants. But it doesn’t seem likely that the Sabres will relent easily. The team is looking for young players and that could require teams to give up prospects and high-level draft picks to get Eichel. The complicated part of this is that the Sabres could limit teams’ access to Eichel’s medical records unless the trade is serious. If access to medical record is limited, teams may walk instead of going through the hassle. In the coming hours, days, and weeks, it will be interesting to see whether Eichel stays in Buffalo or is sent elsewhere. Either way, this will create fascinating NHL precedent moving forward. A trade could happen any second – stay tuned. [1]Collective Bargaining Agreement, The PA | NHLPA.com, www.nhlpa.com/the-pa/cba.

One issue that has not been greatly addressed with respect to student-athletes being able to monetize on their rights of publicity (i.e., name, image, and likeness – NIL) is how will universities and colleges monitor the use of their intellectual property (IP). Universities are very protective of their trademarks, copyrights, and any IP that is associated with the university. Time and time again, these institutions have asserted their rights against any number and type of organization or individual who attempts to use some aspect of a university’s IP, or something too similar, in a commercial manner. This could include logos, colors, names, mascots, likeness, or other that would be copyrighted or trademarked by the university or would readily associate with a university. For example, universities have gone after high schools for copying their logos or having too similar of a logo, have gone after apparel companies for using their trademarks and/or copyrights without permission, gone after breweries/distilleries for using a university’s likeness, and so on. With athletes now able to monetize their NIL, something to watch is how the athletes associate themselves with their universities, and how much leeway the universities will give the athletes. It is a given that at least some of the value of an athlete’s NIL is directly associated with his or her university. Fan bases, alumni, and even rivals know that athletes have short terms with a school, and thus, tend to root for or against a school as much as the athletes themselves. While it is true that some athletes may have greater popularity than the schools themselves, these are likely rare. Therefore, it will be beneficial to the athletes to be able to market themselves as an extension of the school itself, which may require use of colors, logos, names, or other IP of the school. The rulings of the Supreme Court and legislative acts to not allow for unmitigated use of a school’s IP for an athlete. Thus, it is likely that any attempt by an athlete to use an aspect of a school’s IP in a commercial manner will fun afoul of the university’s policies, and the university or other institution may need to make a determination whether to act against its own athlete and require them to stop use of the unlicensed IP, or to potentially take action and sue the athlete and any entity compensating the same as part of their use of their NIL. It will be a bit of a catch-22 for the universities – enforce their IP rights and risk athletes choosing to go elsewhere, or allow the unlicensed use of the IP, which could open the door to the weakening of the IP rights and inability to prevent others from using their IP. An easy solution will be education and working together between the universities and athletes. Bringing potential opportunities to the universities will allow them to evaluate the potential use of the university’s IP, and may even allow the university to license use to both the athlete and third-party working with the athlete, which can provide another revenue stream for universities. Take the following example, QB1 gets an opportunity to make money by selling t-shirts with their nickname. The t-shirts will include reference to QB1’s school in the use of the color schemes and helmets with logo. The school could license the use of the color/logo to QB1 and the apparel company, and all three could obtain a cut of any money made by sale of the shirts. Without the logo, the school would likely be able to stop any and all sales for violations of their trademark and/or copyright rights. While it is great that athletes are able to start making money on their rights of publicity, the universities will still be able to have at least some control on how they are presented. However it pans out, it is going to be a busy time to be in compliance and IP law associated with universities. UPDATE: On July 20, 2021, the University of North Carolina Tarheels announced a voluntary, Group Licensing Program for its current student athletes. The Program is intended to allow the athletes to “benefit from their NIL in conjunction with UNC's official trademarks and logos.” However, the athletes are not obligated to join this program, and are still able to negotiate their own licensing opportunities outside of the program.

Over the past month, we have seen the ripple effects of the NCAA’s suspension of Name, Image, and Likeness regulations span far and wide. This has spurred questions in more realms than anticipated - from the Barstool Athletes debacle to outstanding taxation and intellectual property debates. There is a reason this new NIL era has been coined the Wild West, and it continues to make waves today. The newest questions are centered around Ohio State’s latest five-star recruit, Quinn Ewers. The powerhouse quarterback is reported to have the potential to earn almost one million dollars in NIL deals, should he choose to forgo his senior season. As an athlete in the state of Texas, Ewers is unable to benefit off his name and likeness while still playing for his high school team. The state’s NIL laws state that no individual, corporate entity, or other organization may enter into any arrangement with a prospective college athlete relating to the athlete’s NIL prior to the athlete’s enrollment in an institution of higher education, a regulation that stands in stark contrast to opportunities other high schoolers have been able to cash in on with their NIL. Earlier this month, Mikey Williams made headlines when he became the first prep basketball player to sign with a prominent representation agency. The high school phenom is reported to rake in seven figures while still playing his final year at Vertical Academy in North Carolina. Unlike Ewers, Williams has no limitation on profiting off his NIL. Williams will continue to work towards his diploma while playing against top competition in showcases with his prep team. Vertical Academy is not under the governance of a state high school athletic association that puts restrictions on student-athletes monetizing their NIL. Instead of participating in a state sanctioned league, the Academy will function as a high level club team that will play against other prep schools. In a recent article by the National Federation of State High School Associations, the governing body said that their stance against its student-athletes profiting off their NIL was backed by concern for potential effects on the recruiting process and a want to keep high school athletics centered around the team. Coaches across the country have voiced fears of the detrimental repercussions players signing NIL deals could have on their team’s chemistry. Still, others have advocated for their players' right to profit. Regardless, Ewers still has the potential to make hundreds of thousands of dollars before playing a single snap of Division I football. With the starting position seemingly wide-open for the Buckeyes and the August 3rd camp start date looming, the eighteen year old has a heavy decision to make. Will he stay and hopefully lead his elite high school team to another state championship game, or will he cash in and head to Columbus early? Ewers expects to make his decision within the next week. Julie Chambers is a rising 2L at New England Law | Boston. For inquiries, email [email protected]. References: https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/87R/billtext/pdf/SB01385F.pdf#navpanes=0)%0D https://www.espn.com/high-school/story/_/id/31861613/mikey-williams-signs-excel-sports-nil-deal-expected-generate-millions-high-school-basketball-star https://www.nfhs.org/articles/nil-rulings-do-not-change-for-high-school-student-athletes/

The NHL has begun investigating allegations that the San Jose Sharks left wing Evander Kane has been gambling on his own games. On an Instagram page purporting to be Evander’s wife, Anna Kane dropped some serious allegations that Evander has been working with bookies and betting on his own games. For purposes of this article, I will assume that the posts from the @A.Kane_ Instagram account truly came from Evander's wife, Anna Kane. That said, she made a crystal clear plea to the NHL and Commissioner Gary Bettman in her Instagram story stating: “@nhl Can someone ask Gary Bettman how they can let a player gamble on his own games? Bet and win with bookies on his own games?” Anna Kane also posted a screenshot on her Instagram, and explained in an Instagram story, that she received an alleged email from Evander which he gave her instructions on moving out of their house which was being taken by the bank and she had to sell her wedding ring. In a since-deleted story, Anna Kane stated: “How does the NHL let a compulsive gambling addict still play when he’s obviously throwing games with bookies to win money? Hmm maybe someone needs to address this.” Earlier this year, Evander’s financial troubles came to a head. In January, Evander filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in which he listed his liabilities as $26.8 million and admitted that $1.5 million of that was due to gambling. However, this wasn’t Evander’s first publicized gambling issue. In 2019, Evander was sued by The Cosmopolitan casino in Las Vegas, where they allegedly extended $500,000 of gambling markers to Evander, in April of 2019, that he allegedly failed to pay. Further in May 2021, Evander was sued for $15 million by a lender, Professional Bank, for allegedly defrauding the company on a loan application. This brings us to the NHL collective bargaining agreement (“CBA”). The CBA was ratified on January 12, 2013, and is effective until September 15, 2026, following a four-year extension in June 2020. Of most importance here is exhibit 14 “Form of Standard Club Rules” which states, “Gambling on any NHL game is prohibited.” (emphasis added). Article 18-A sets forth the commissioner discipline for off-ice conduct. The commissioner’s disciplinary authority is set out in 18-A.2, which states: “Whenever the Commissioner determines that a Player has violated a League Rule applicable to Players (other than Playing Rules subjecting the Player to potential Supplementary Discipline for On-Ice Conduct), or has been or is guilty of conduct (whether during or outside the playing season) that is detrimental to or against the welfare of the League or the game of hockey, he may discipline such Player in any or all of the following respects: (a) by expelling or suspending such Player for a definite or indefinite period; (b) by cancelling any SPC[1] that such Player has with any Member Club; or (c) by imposing a fine on the Player not exceeding the maximum permissible fine under Section 18.7(b).[2] The easiest comparison we can make in this situation is Pete Rose. Rose is known for two things in baseball: most hits of all time and his permanent ban from the MLB (preventing him from being elected to the Cooperstown Baseball Hall of Fame). Rose was a known gambler and, like Evander Kane, struggled financially.[3] On March 20, 1989, the MLB and Commissioner Peter Ueberroth began their investigation of tax and gambling issues involving Rose. After a two-month investigation, by special counsel John Dowd, a 225-page report resulted including records and testimonies that evidenced Rose had bet on the Reds when he was a player-manager and manager from 1985-1987. Ultimately on August 24, 1989, Rose voluntarily placed himself on baseball’s permanently ineligible list, and the MLB agreed not to release the investigation findings. Rose has remained on the ineligible list since 1989, despite his efforts to be reinstated. The NHL Public Relations tweeted out that they are conducting a full investigation into the aforementioned allegations. The next steps here are for Commissioner Gary Bettman to suspend Evander Kane indefinitely until they complete their investigation. Evander Kane could face future fines and the possibility of his SPC being cancelled. Worst of all, if the allegations prove to be true, Kane may never play in the NHL again... and the sport's relationship with gambling would be set back decades. Pete Rose, baseball... déjà vu. Mike Lawson is an Associate for O'Connell and Aronowitz in Albany, NY. He is the Producer of the Conduct Detrimental Podcast and can be reached on Twitter @Mike_sonof_Law. [1] Standard Player’s Contract. [2] A fine may be in an amount up to fifty percent (50%) of the Player's Paragraph 1 NHL Salary and Bonuses, but not including Performance Bonuses, divided by the number of days in the Regular Season, but in no event shall it exceed $10,000 for the first fine and $15,000 for any subsequent fine imposed in any rolling twelve (12) month calendar period. Player Salary and Bonuses forfeited due to a fine will be calculated based on a Player's Averaged Amount. [3] In 1990, Pete Rose pled guilty to two felony counts of filing false income tax returns, in which he was sentenced to six-months in prison and fined $50,000.

Evander Kane of the San Jose Sharks finds himself as the target of a bombshell allegation at the center of the hockey universe. The Sharks had a rough season after not making the playoffs, unfortunately the post season has not been kind to the organization either. Posts from an Instagram account (@A.Kane_) purporting to belong to Anna Kane, the wife of Evander Kane, accuse Evander of betting on and throwing games he played in to fund his gambling addiction. Again, for purposes of this article we will assume that the posts are actually coming from the real Anna Kane, which seems to be the case following Evander's statement, but more on that below. Some background is required here given Kane's lengthy litigation history and troublesome financial dealings. Evander Kane is the left winger of the Sharks and has been with the team since 2017. He is currently three seasons into a seven-year $49 million contract. Before delving into the current accusations, it is important to mention Kane’s past issues. In 2019, a Las Vegas Strip casino sued Kane alleging he failed to pay back a $500,000 gambling debt he racked up during a playoff series against the Golden Knights. Three days before the 2020-21 season Kane filed for bankruptcy, he is said to have had $26.8 in debt at the time he filed. More recently he was sued by Professional Bank for $15 million after the bank alleged he defrauded the company while securing a $1.5 million loan. In separate Instagram posts and stories, the @A.Kane_ Instagram account laid out a series of accusations against Evander Kane, some involving his alleged gambling, some about abandoning his children, and others about an alleged extra-marital affair. Essentially all of these posts -- including those that have since been deleted -- are detailed in the embedded Twitter thread below from the Co-Host of the Conduct Detrimental Podcast, Sports Attorney Dan Lust (@SportsLawLust): For sports purposes, the biggest accusation is certainly the claim that Kane gambled on his own games and even threw games to win money with bookies. In the first post it says, “How does the NHL let a compulsive gambling addict still play when he's obviously throwing games to win money? Hmm maybe someone needs to address this." In another post, the NHL account is tagged and asks “Can someone ask (NHL commissioner) Gary Bettman how they can let a player gamble on his own games? Bet and win with bookies on his own games?” In yet another, Kane is accused of abandoning his wife, their daughter, and their unborn son to party in Europe. In the same post it is said that their house was being taken by the bank, she had no money to purchase formula and she had to sell her wedding ring to have money. More posts go on to detail an alleged extra-marital affair. Whether or not these personal allegations have anything to do with the gambling is unclear. After the posts were made the National Hockey League and the Sharks organization quickly both made statements about the accusations. The National Hockey League released the following statement: "The League was made aware this evening of a post on social media alleging that San Jose Sharks Player Evander Kane bet on NHL games. The integrity of our game is paramount and the League takes these allegations very seriously. We intend to conduct a full investigation and will have no further comment at this time." A short time after the Sharks released their own statement: "The Sharks have been in contact today with the (NHL) about the serious allegations made against Evander Kane. We support a full and transparent investigation into the situation to maintain the integrity of the game and consistency with our team values." Evander Kane quickly addressed the allegations saying they were false and that he had never gambled on a hockey game, a Sharks game and has never thrown a game. Evander also addressed Anna as his estranged, soon to be ex – wife and claimed that she has kept him from seeing daughter. Overall, Evander said that he will cooperate with the NHL’s investigation and wants his name cleared. If these allegations are truly false, you would have to imagine his lawyers are contemplating bringing a defamation action. Defamation when someone publishes false statement that tend to harm another's reputation. Here, since Kane is a public figure— he'd need to establish that Anna Kane is making these accusations with “actual malice”. In other words, that she knows they are explicitly false but is making them anyway. An extremely high burden but it's been satisfied before. Keep in mind that - as we have laid out on Conduct Detrimental - the NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement does not explicitly advise what the investigation would entail or the maximum penalties that Kane could face. This is not a criminal case but it is similarly imperative to view Kane as innocent until proven guilty. Let’s see what concrete evidence -- if any -- comes out before we rush to judgment. One thing is clear, however, this type of allegation has simply not occurred in modern sports. Evander Kane's reputation is very much on the line and every singly move he makes moving forward will be dissected with a critical lens. One misstep could cost him his career. Jessica Shaw is the Secretary of the New York Law School Sports Law Society. She can be reached on Twitter @JessicaShaw22.

Here's an update on the developing story surrounding the MLB’s Cleveland Indians name change that we broke on ConductDetrimental.com. *** Out of all the names the Cleveland baseball team could have chosen to rebrand its team, they decided their best option was the Cleveland Guardians… despite the fact that a Cleveland-based roller derby team claimed the name back in 2011, along with the domain name (See ClevelandGuardians.com) and various social media accounts (Instagram and Facebook). It has been one week since the Indians made their official announcement and things are heating up in the Roller Derby vs. Baseball “Battle for Branding” – The latest news being that the local roller derby team filed a trademark application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office on July 27th for rights to “Cleveland Guardians.” Along with actively posting to their social media accounts and per their Facebook page, rolling out new merchandise, this new filing is just another indication that the roller derby team is not going to disappear like the Indians may have hoped. The baseball team filed their own trademark application days earlier on July 23. Does the date sound familiar? It should. It is the same day the team officially announced “Cleveland Guardians” as their new name. The Cleveland baseball team first filed trademark applications for the "Cleveland Guardians" on April 8 in the Republic of Mauritius, a small island near Africa. Why file in a foreign country you ask? The filings in Mauritius allow the team to claim April 8th as its priority date in the US. But unfortunately for the baseball Guardians, the derby Guardians still own and have control over the domain name and associated social media accounts. Not only that, but when there are conflicting trademark applications, the first-to-file does not mean automatic priority. Other considerations include whether there is only an intent to use the mark or if the mark has actually been used in the past are considered. Under U.S. trademark law, an Applicant that has filed an application to register their mark can assert priority against a user of an unregistered mark, so long as: (1) the Applicant has actually used the mark in commerce prior to the unregistered user’s use of the mark in commerce in the same geographical territory, or (2) the Applicant is able to successfully register their mark provided that (a) the Applicant filed the application for trademark registration prior to the date of actual use of the mark in commerce by the other unregistered user, and (b) the Applicant has either actually used the mark in commerce, or has shown a bonafide intention to use the mark in commerce at the time of filing the trademark application, followed by actual use within the specified amount of time. However, if the goods and services are distinguished in the product classes, the two companies may have similar names without trademark issues. This is because the guiding principle of trademarks is to avoid consumer confusion. It is likely that the roller derby and baseball team can be significantly distinguished, but that still does not relieve the baseball Guardians of all of their problems – see ClevelandGuardians.com. With nearly 2,700 votes, 88.6% believe that roller derby Guardians own ClevelandGuardians.com and should be able to make a substantial profit if they ultimately sell the domain to the baseball team. It has held the name for years and has proved its use of both the domain name and social media accounts, even advertising their 2022 tryouts just days after the baseball team’s announcement. Smart move. And not only that, advertising "new merch soon available at ClevelandGuardians.com!" a few days later on July 29. An even smarter move. Seemingly, the more noise they make, the bigger the payout they should receive. Luckily for the Washington Football Team, who is looking to announce its new name and logo in early 2022, this embarrassment will be tough to beat (not that Washington hasn’t had their fair share of embarrassment and mismanagement over the past year). Washington team president Jason Wright told ESPN that he hopes his team’s rebranding process is “as seamless as possible and of the quality it deserves so these little things, these gremlins that can pop up in the implementation process” are taken care of before rolling it out. I never thought I would say this, but maybe Washington should give the baseball team some much-needed advice. Per reports, the team apparently did conduct due diligence yet only mentioned potential conflicts with the New York Guardians of the XFL, Marvel’s Guardians of the Galaxy, or a mysterious December 25, 2020 trademark filing by Bryant Street Sports LLC that was then abandoned on July 27, 2021. From my perspective, it seems the Cleveland baseball team may have settled this earlier trademark and potentially paid the filer to withdraw its application. Conspicuously absent, however, is that they settled with the roller derby Guardians, as shown by the derby’s recent filing on the same day that Bryant Street Sports LLC abandoned theirs. Assuming that was the case, isn’t that worse? The question that no one has answered, and maybe the Indians legal counsel can, is what was the rush to announce this on July 23rd without having everything in order. From the roller derby Guardians’ July 27th trademark filing, it seems clear the trademark debacle was not solved either. My question for the baseball Guardians is, what were you thinking? Now you have to cut a check for the website domain name, related social media accounts, and now the trademark. The Cleveland baseball team seems to have two options here: either pay the roller derby team whatever they want or change the name… again. You’ve created a giant mess and you have no one to blame but yourselves. The premature announcement will likely cost the team millions, as the more hype the derby team receives, the more money they may have to fork over. There are no signs of the roller derby team slowing down and they may be rolling in a lot of dough once this debacle is all over. No pun intended. Lesson learned. Never underestimate a roller derby team. Stephanie is a recent graduate of New York Law School and a law clerk at Geragos & Geragos. You can find her on Twitter @SWeissenburger_ and Instagram @Steph_ExplainsItAll